5.2 Neutralization Reactions
Check and Reflect
Key Concept Review
1. Define neutralization in your own words.
Neutralization is a double displacement reaction where an acid and a base react to create a salt and water.
2. What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
Neutralization reactions produce a salt and water.
3. How does an antacid work?
An antacid, which is composed of bases, neutralizes acids when they react.
4. What is acid precipitation?
Acid precipitation is any precipitation (rain, snow, fog or dew), that has a pH of less than 5.6.
5. Name two gases that contribute to acid precipitation.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen oxides
6. Explain the term "acid leaching". Use an example in your answer.
Acid leaching is when acids dissolve metals found in soil. For example, soil at mines is highly acidified and the heavy metals dissolve and leak away into surrounding areas.
Connect Your Understanding
7. Identify which of the following is a neutralization reaction. Explain how you know.
(a) 2FeBr3 + 2Cu2SO4 -- Fe2(SO4)3 + 6CuBr
(b) H3PO4 + 3NaOH -- Na3PO4 + 3H20
I know that (b) is a neutralization reaction because one of the products is water, and the other is a salt.
8. Complete the following word equations:
(a) sulphuric acid + calcium hydroxide -- water + calcium sulphate
(b) hydrogen bromide + sodium hydroxide -- water + sodium bromide
(c) hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide -- water + sodium chloride
9. Write skeleton equations for each word equation you completed in question 8.
(a) H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 -- H20 + CaSO4
(b) HBr + NaOH -- H2O + NaBr
(c) HCl + NaOH -- H2O + NaCl
10. Write balanced chemical equations for each skeleton equation you wrote in question 9.
(a) H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 -- 2H20 + CaSO4
(b) HBr + NaOH -- H2O + NaBr
(c) HCl + NaOH -- H2O + NaCl
11. Suppose that a classmate combines a colourless acid and a colourless base. The resulting solution is clear and colourless, with no evidence of a precipitate. Your classmate says that this means that no reaction has occurred. Do you agree with your classmate’s conclusion? Explain.
This does not mean that there is no reaction. If there is an acid and a base, there must be a reaction, therefore that class mate would be incorrect.
12. You can temporarily receive relief from acid indigestion by using an antacid that contains a base. Why is it not a good idea to use an antacid routinely? Suggest two or more reasons.
If you were to use an antacid regularly, then you would be constantly lowering the pH of your stomach acid, therefore reducing your digestions capability. This would cause you to not be able to digest foods properly, and you would not absorb as many nutrients from the food you eat.
13. Acids can react with most metals. Suggest why this would be a problem in a region of Ontario where the rain is acidic.
Many of Ontario's urban structures contain metal, meaning that the acid rain could corrode the structures making them unstable and dangerous.
14. Explain why acid precipitation is a costly result of human activities. Start your answer by referring to the photograph below.
Acid precipitation is harmful to structures that humans have created and put outdoors. As shown in the photo below, structures can be worn away by acid precipitation. It is also harmful because the precipitation's acidity could affect human's bodies in a negative way.
15. Describe how acid precipitation affects lakes.
Acid precipitation can lower the pH level of the lake, making the environment unhealthy for what lives in it.
16. Explain what role limestone has in protecting lakes from acidification.
Basic soils are rich in limestone and therefore help directly neutralizes the acid precipitation.
17. Describe the positive and negative effects of acid leaching with respect to metal pollution from disused mines.
Acid leaching could help clean the soil at the mining areas, allowing for the spaces to be used for different purposes. However, the metals would be polluting the areas around the mine, causing other environmental issues.
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